Language Variations in Captions of Covid-19 Information on Instagram: Analysis of Language and Gender and Their Relevance For Preparing High School Level RPP

This research discusses language and gender variations in Instagram captions. The aim of this research is to find the influence of gender on language variations in Instagram captions, describe the results of interpretation and analysis of @drningz and @adamprabata Instagram captions regarding Covid-19 information, realize the meaning based on the results of analysis using the Computer Mediated Discourse Analysis (CMDA) approach. using language in the virtual world or the internet as well as creating RPPs (Learning Implementation Plans) and expository text teaching materials for high school level students. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques of non-participant observation, documentation and note-taking, in the form of screenshots containing captions with the theme of Covid-19 on Instagram social media. Data analysis in this research refers to Lakoff's (1975) theory regarding the language features used by women and men. The results of the analysis show that the variations of language on Instagram used by men and women tend to have many similarities, namely showing the characteristics of a variety of spoken languages. Expert doctors, both male and female, both realize language variations in Instagram captions by conveying goals or intentions. The differences in language used by gender are not very significant and tend to have many similarities.


Introduction
During period time exceeds two years throughout the temperate world shocked at a time struck trials by existence A phenomenon .It's spreading deployment of one matter new fast , deadly , and threatening soul humans , that is active Coronavirus Disease 2019 .One of the vicious viruses mainly attack channel Respiratory .Entire sector caught impact Because Covid-19 .Reported from the site about Covid-19, there is statement WHO ( World Health Organization or World Health Organization ) officially declared that corona virus  as a pandemic on March 9 2020.This means that the corona virus has spread wide to all over world .Likewise in Indonesia, already entering the pandemic period .The spread of the virus has resulted in everyone from various circles experience change in order life .They force For reduce interaction social direct or activity stare advance optimally .Then , in matter education , activities Study teaching with students become No effective and efficient in accordance objective between teachers and students.
Currently , various Things in the world, especially aspects of language variation, can be explored through the use of language in a social context .Can done directly or indirectly as in social media .Social media use currently has various functions , for example as a means of promoting a product, conveying information, opinions, statements or assessments in ways that tend to vary .
In Sari (2020:1), on language variations Of course There is use and different delivery methods occur due to several factors.The language used by men and women is one of the contributing factors language variations.The different language use of men and women is formed because language use across genders has different characteristics .When here , there is diverse opinion about emancipation gender equality .Then , various difference in form oral as well as writings between boy and girl apparently need noticed .The main thing in use language , everyone should get all something with portions balanced or not There is discrimination based on existing gender There is since born gift from the Almighty.In Sari (2020:2), gender equality related with social life in society.Language if it is related to social relations in society is a sociolinguistic study.Sociolinguistics is a science that studies language and society in society, and discusses language use and language variations in society's social environment.
In sociolinguistic studies, gender is differentiated from sex.According to Milroy and Gordon (Sari, 2020:2), gender is based on social construction that has nothing to do with biological traits, while sex is based on the biological traits of an individual .So, secondly matter the different from content and meaning .According to Hashimah (Sari, 2020:1) , state that gender is the characteristics, traits and behavior of men and women which are formed socially and culturally.Then , Ronald Wardaugh in Meyerhoff (Sari, 2020:1), stated " Gender is a key component of identity " meaning gender is component key from identity .Gender is used as a differentiating factor to see language variations which ultimately give rise to the terms men's language and women's language.
This means that this term implies that men and women have their own characteristics in language.This opinion is the same as the understanding presented by Lakoff (1975) regarding language and gender.He argued that the language features used by men and women are different.Dynamics aspect technology and information in the era of agility digitalization has widespread .Entire circles from various corner has utilise use of online media ( in network ).Starting from digital products used For search , create , until disseminate various type information from One party to the other party .Everyone is given treat form practicality in the access process information .Utilise speed , accuracy , and sophistication of one digital products , namely social media .Social media can make knowledge knowledge from various grove as fill current , factual and popular content specifically focused for students in Indonesia .
One of form the phenomenon of language use , especially in written form on social media done in various ways method .According to Syahida (Sari, 2020: 3 ), stated People use Instagram to show their activities , such as promoting their business, expressing their happiness or sadness.So , the language used in caption every upload on Instagram , user can express it in a way free , by the way different delivery .So , that 's normal there is new forms of language to express something that you want to convey to the audience .Every language used by men nor female , have function For describes the language reality that occurs in public.
Instagram is a social media used for uploading about photography and write information addition form caption .Used to express or convey an opinion related with what was uploaded.
According to Indriasari (Sari, 2020:3), caption is a description that is usually placed under the photo .Captions Instagram can provide information in the form of news, activities or conveying opinions, arguments, judgments, and so on.Apart from that , Instagram users can also be active by providing comments or response to upload Which has shared by users Another Instagram.Captions Instagram is in the form of texts or sentences to explain and describe something uploaded .As for what the author says break it down before , when this is the topic being discussed audience in social media Instagram is information and education Covid-19 .Instagram become social media that can give function diverse .In research this , Instagram functions as a note in the form of a quote or quote .Second, Instagram functions as an online media that provides news or information popular and important issues .Third, Instagram functions as a tool for sharing about health in a way legit , one of them about pandemic Covid-19 .Wide variety of functions from social media Instagram causes variations in the language used by users .Everyone writes caption in Instagram is the goal to express fish res and describe Photo or videos with different language variations.Gender is an internal part formation Language variation in sociolinguistic studies .
Based on this background, this research will discuss One topic research , with title " Internal Language Variations Captions Covid-19 information on Instagram: Language and Gender Analysis and The relevance For Preparation of RPP for High School Level ( Sociolinguistic Approach) ".This research aims to describe results analysis with Lakoff's theory on Instagram captions @drningz and @adamprabata about Covid-19 information , describing variation language and gender used For realize meaning in captions with approach Computer Mediated Discourse Analysis (CMDA), as well as create a RPP ( Plan Implementation Learning ) and teaching materials from results analysis variation language and gender towards learning text exposition student high school level .There is meaning implied in the research This that is For know , and study How form delivery information about Covid-19 to public via social media Instagram.A theoretical framework based on a sociolinguistic approach was used in this research , such as theory Lakoff (1975), And approach Computer M ediated Discourse Analysis ( Herring , 2012) .
Furthermore, after the researchers obtained the results of the analysis of Instagram captions regarding Covid-19 information by two expert doctors, namely on the accounts @drningz and @adamprabata using Lakoff theory and the CMDA approach, this research will also be directed at creating a Learning Implementation Plan (RPP) and exposition text teaching material for high school level students.Study This interesting For researched Because take theme about information Covid-19.Audience all knowing that it is Covid-19 become world history , especially in Indonesia, from facet order life changed drastic , all over sector affected bad consequence the spread of the virus is very important is lots of wisdom for humans who can made learning from phenomenon pandemic Very fast Covid-19 contagious and deadly This .
Then , with phenomena the in facet digital aspects of technology and education , too made education from social media popular namely in Instagram captions and can analyzed , created going to making Plan Implementation Learning (RPP) and teaching materials with content content information Valid , current and factual Covid -19 .That way , it is expected in the world of education especially teachers and students , can link incident or phenomenon big in the environment around the learning process at school .Making teaching materials with content information Covid-19, too , has hopes and goals .Expected become addition teacher teaching materials in schools with updated themes ( Covid-19 ) , sources in popular media ( doctor's Instagram captions experts , @drningz and @adamprabata).Current teaching materials assessed must more innovative , practical and friendly For used by various groups , especially teachers and students .With implementation policy activity learned what you haven't yet fully comprehensive stare advance or activity Study teaching online, teaching materials are created with a purpose help or as support in achievement experience and competence , esp text exposition to students high school level .Teaching materials with themes Covid-19 was structured to be reference or inspirational , interesting , and up-to-date .Student can reading , understanding , analyzing , even make text exposition easily , practically and creatively .

Method
Study This use approach qualitative because will research problems , subjects and objects that are not can measured , and have been occurs in the environment social naturally .Then , results from analysis will form description and realization meaning from data set .Researcher as instrument key use approach This For describe variation language and gender in informational Instagram captions Covid-19 Instagram accounts @drningz and @adamprabata, and make it happen the meaning of the caption the .Then , deep realize meaning in a way overall on the results analysis caption , author apply A approach For research behavior man online , namely CMDA (Computer Mediated Discourse Analysis) approach , using approach this , got it analyze captions ( discourse ) for the @drningz and @adamprabata accounts .So, after finished analyze caption data from facet variation language and gender, next there is ten factor dimensions in media context and eight factor dimensions context situation communication that will described in section discussion .
On research this , researcher use method study descriptive .Method study descriptive is something research conducted For know mark variable independent , fine One variable or more ( independent ) without make comparison or connecting with variables other.Subjects in research This is catch screen caption Instagram with themes Covid -19 , from two Instagram accounts ( one male and one female its users profession as doctors , namely @drningz ( dr .R. A. Adaninggar Primadia Nariswari Sp .PD .) and @adamprabata ( dr .Adam Prabata ).Object of research This is variation language and gender applied with the approach sociolinguistics , features Language Woman Lakoff's (1975) theory as well analysis media context and context situation communication use CMDA ( Computer Mediated Discourse Analysis ) approach.The technique used in this research is observation nonparticipant , documentation , and listen note .The following is a description from third this technique.
1. Observation nonparticipant is observation where the observer does not follow directly on people's lives or thing to be observed , researcher separated role as observer .Observer only Act as spectators , and listeners just without must follow plunge direct to field .Observation in study This that is researcher do search , selection , and observation on each upload @drningz and @adamprabata accounts in the form of texts ( captions ) Instagram about information Covid-19 .2. techniques used in research This is with a catch screen or screenshots , namely taking pictures through gadget to target the caption display in the form of text containing information Covid-19 or data taken from Instagram.3. Then , technique take a look take notes on research This used when researcher read , listen , up take notes various use Language written in the caption information Covid-19 Instagram accounts @drnigz and @adamprabata, also various information addition or supporter from results catch screen caption .
In research This , also uses the data analysis model according to Miles and Huberman ( Hardani , 2020:163) there is , in the form of description or description something still object full doubt , so after researched become clear .

Results And Discussion Language Features of Men and Women in Instagram captions
One of form the phenomenon of language use , especially in written form on social media done in various ways method .Necessary thing discussed as such caption Instagram, too describes a person's thoughts, characteristics , and attitudes in implement use language on Instagram.According to Syahida (Sari, 2020:2), stated Instagram is one of the social media that is people's favorite way to express themselves.Wide variety of functions from social media Instagram causes variations in the language used by users .Everyone writes caption in Instagram is the goal to express fish res and describe Photo or videos with different language variations.Gender is an internal part formation Language variation in sociolinguistic studies .
We can find male and female language features in various media, one of which is Instagram.Captions on Instagram accounts ( one man and one woman its users profession as doctor , that is @drningz ( dr .R. A. Adaninggar Primadia Nariswari Sp .PD .) and @adamprabata ( dr .Adam Prabata ) .This is different from gender stereotypes which assume that women are whiny, gossipy and talkative.In the captions on the Instagram account , the female language features a masculine side.However, it cannot be denied that the male Takarir language feature on this Instagram account still emphasizes his leadership and decision-making attitude.
The results of the analysis of Instagram captions regarding Covid-19 information by two expert doctors, namely the @drningz and @adamprabata accounts, contained 137 data, namely 59 data from women's language (@drningz account) and 78 from men's language (@adamprabata account) each of which was taken from 15 Instagram captions and analyzed using Lakoff's theory and the CMDA approach to see what language features are most widely used in Instagram captions regarding Covid-19 information and then presented in the table below Text analysis is carried out by exploring and showing the media context and the context of communication situations on the Internet, as suggested by Herring (2007) and Thurlow (2006). in analyzing computer-mediated discourse or what is known as computer-mediated discourse analysis (CMDA).According to him, the meaning of interactive discourse in the context of CMD is more the effect of the characteristics of computer technology on language use, as a manifestation of social practice, so that the characteristics and characteristics contained in computer media and Internet channels are also attached to the characteristics and characteristics of interactive discourse.The characteristics in question are: interactivity, demassification, asynchronous and simultaneous.What is meant by interactivity is the ability of Internet technology to have interactive features that connect media with users and between users.What is meant by demassification is the ability of Internet technology to reach audiences in almost limitless numbers and arenas.Asynchronous and simultaneous are two concepts that contain different, even opposing, understandings.Internet technology can be used to interact at the same time, which is called simultaneous, or with a time difference, which is called asynchronous.
Based on Herring's Theory (2012) about Computer Mediated Discourse Analysis (CMDA), variation language used For realize meaning What is meant is can seen of two factors , namely media context and situation communication ( Saifullah , 2018 ) .Media context factors can seen through pattern interactions that occur between fellow social media users Instagram , that is taking place One direction in One Instagram captions .This matter seen from existing verbal signs in text Instagram captions and the text contained therein in column comment .Apart from that , there are a number of necessary dimensions seen from factor context situation communication namely : structure participants , characteristics participants , goals , themes / topics , tone, activities , norms, and codes language (Suryani, 2013)  As seen in Table 4 above, in the case of reader responses on Instagram media, what is happening is an asynchronous system , because it does not require users to record at the same time, but instead the captions are saved.in social media Instagram and can read by whom just and when just .This synchronicity dimension is a strong predictor and indicator of discourse structure complexity, which is related to pragmatic and interactional behavior in computer-mediated discourse.In the case of reader responses on Instagram media, message transmission between the media and responders takes place in one direction, while between fellow responders it is in the two-way category, because the message is delivered simultaneously, not displayed alternately.This means that the news text sent by the media is responded to by responders, while the media does not send responses to responders, while the responses are displayed at the same time and place, making it possible for recipients to provide feedback simultaneously.This condition of one-way transmission between the responder and the medium is seen as enhancing meta-linguistic awareness: That is, it allows the responder to reflect on their communication by playing with language.It also allows them to track the opinions of other responders and participate in debates.
The " transcript persistence " dimension concerns the category of data retention level: whether the response text persists for a relatively long time or only instantaneously.In the case of reader responses on Instagram media, the persistence of transcripts is relatively long-lasting, making it possible for responders to participate continuously.The "message allowance size" dimension refers to the number of possible character systems in a single message.In the case of reader responses on Instagram media, the message size at the character level is relatively more flexible, thus allowing responders to express their responses completely and in detail.
The "communication channel" dimension relates to the form of the message, whether textual, visual, audio-video, and so on.In the case of reader responses on Instagram media, communication channels tend to be dominated by textual categories, because it is not available for responders to channel their responses through image or sound channels.The dimensions of "anonymous messaging," private messaging, and filtering all refer to the "affordances" or stages provided by technological systems and computer media.In captions on Instagram media, anonymous messages are not dominated because the owner of the Instagram caption uses a real account.The "citation" dimension refers to the extent to which the reader's response text is related to other texts.In captions on Instagram media, reader response texts tend to be related to news texts and other response texts.
Finally, the "message format" dimension is related to the order in which messages appear.In the case of reader response texts in cyber media, the response texts are ordered chronologically, based on time, day, date, month and year .Based on the description above, it can be concluded that the interaction pattern is as follows.The interaction that occurs between the responder and the media takes place in one direction in one episode: from the responder to the media, without any response from the media.This can be seen from the verbal signs contained in media texts and response texts.The interactions that occur between fellow responders are two-way and occur in several episodes.This can be seen from the verbal signs contained in the responder's text.Apart from the media and fellow responders, interaction also occurs between the media and information sources in one direction: from responders to information sources, without any response from the information source.
://doi.org/10.33752/disastri.v6i2.6489______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Language Variations in Captions of Covid-19 … | 151 Necessary thing discussed as such caption Instagram, too describes a person's thoughts, characteristics , and attitudes in implement Language Variations in Captions of Covid-19 … | 149 use language on Instagram.According to Syahida (Sari, 2020:2), stated Instagram is one of the social media that is people's favorite way to express themselves .One of part from the media social Which will used in this research is Instagram.Reported from Katadata , Instagram is one of them the most popular social media platform in the world , especially among mature young .Until quarter I -2021, total user Active Instagram worldwide reached 1.07 billion and 354 million its users aged 25 to 34 years .Then , in Indonesia it is estimated at the end in 2021 it will reach 93 million Instagram users .As of July 2021, total Instagram users in Indonesia are 91.77 million user .User biggest are in the group aged 18 to 24 years that is amounting to 36.4%.Instagram is on the order third as the most frequent social media program used , after YouTube, Facebook, and WhatsApp.Instagram has become a very popular social media in various countries parts of the world.Instagram makes it possible its users For share content in aspect photography as well as follow the lives of celebrities favorites that influence life Instagram users .Instagram doesn't exist in Indonesia either need doubtful Again .Various circles loves social media Instagram.

Table 1 Language features of men and women in Instagram captions No.
__________________________________________________________________________________Language Variations in Captions of

Table 4 .2 Classification of Media Context Factors
__________________________________________________________________________________Language Variations in Captions of