Ego In The Main Character In The Novel "Pulang" By Tere Liye

The purpose of this research is to explore how the main character, known as "Bujang"


Introduction
Literary works describe human life, not only with relationships with other humans, but also with themselves through relationships of inner events.One form of literary work is the novel.A novel is that a novel can describe something freely, state something more, be more detailed, be more detailed and involve more complex problems.(Alan Budiawan et al., 2022) A novel is a story that contains several sets of problems accompanied by causal factors and consequences.Life issues raised include sadness, joy, betrayal, honesty and other life problems (Moesono, Anggadewi. 2003).
Therefore, a novel is a story that reflects real life expressed in the form of written literary works, not only functioning as a communication tool, but also as a form of deep artistic expression.They often depict the world and human life from various points of view, exploring themes such as love, life, death, morality, and so on.Literary works also often use creative language styles and narrative structures to create a unique reader experience.One form of literary work that has the power to influence readers emotionally, intellectually and psychologically is the novel.Therefore, analyzing the characters of a novel can provide deep insight into human behavior, social relationships, and psychological conditions that can be applied in real life contexts.One of the interesting novels to be used as an object of psychological research is the novel returning by Tere Liye.
Literary works that are linked to psychology are important to research, because according to Wellek and Warren, psychology helps in gathering researchers' sensitivity to reality, sharpens abilities, observations, and provides opportunities to study previously unexplored patterns.As a psychological symptom, psychology in literature contains phenomena that appear through the behavior of the characters.The aim of literary psychology is to understand the psychological aspects contained in literary works.However, this does not mean that psychological analysis of literature is completely detached from the needs of society in accordance with the nature of literary works providing understanding to society indirectly through understanding the characters.(Setyorini, 2017) Minderop stated that the author's depiction of the character's psychology is described through literary works (Pratiwi et al., 2019).
Freud argued that the aim of psychoanalysis is to strengthen the ego, make it more independent of the superego, widen its field of perception, expand its organization so that it can have fresh parts of the id.Sigmund Freud, who put forward the idea that consciousness is only a small part of mental life, while the largest part is the unconscious or unconscious world.Freud likened the conscious and unconscious realms to a floating iceberg where the part that emerges to the surface of the water (the conscious mind) is much smaller than the part that sinks (the unconscious mind).The ego is different from the id because it is very objective.It operates according to "reality" principles and is in touch with environmental demands.It regulates the flow that keeps the id under control, thereby acting as the "control center" of the personality (Mr. Ankit P. Patel, 2019) Furthermore, Freud views humans as deterministic creatures, namely an idea that states that human activities are basically determined by irrational forces, subconscious forces, biological drives and instincts in the first six years of life (Aini & Raharjo, n.d.)The problem that is the focus of this researcher is to discuss the psychology that gives rise to the personality of the main character in Tere Liye's novel returning from a literary psychology perspective.The aim of this research is to describe and explain the personality aspects of the main character in the novel returning home, based on Sigund Freud's psychological theory of personality, the ego aspect (a state of consciousness) through psychological analysis of literature, the forms of behavior of the main character in the novel returning home by Tere Liye can be identified.
This research is relevant to research conducted by (Ratna Sari, 2017) conducted research with an analysis of the moral values of the bachelor characters in Tere Liye's novel Pulang (a review of literary psychology).This research explains that it focuses on the intrinsic elements and moral values of the main character Bujang in the novel Pulang by Tere Liye.The objects used by Ratna Sari in this research are different.However, the theoretical review used is the same, namely using a psychological review of literature.The psychological review of literature used in this research is the supporting theory for the review of this research.The research above has a basic contribution to literary psychology which is used to carry out analysis of the psychological object of Tere Liye's novel Pulang, whose studies and theories can be a reference for this research and the results of this research can be a representation and lesson, both formal and non-formal.

Method
The research method used by researchers in this research is a qualitative descriptive method.The data source in the research is the novel "Pulang" with research data in the form of words, sentences or quotations in the novel that describe the personality of the main character (Aini & Raharjo, n.d.)Other data sources are journal articles that are relevant to this research.This research uses descriptions with the following steps: 1. Preparation  Read the entire novel Pulang by Tere Liye to get a good understanding as the main source. Read several studies related to the title which provide supporting data 2. Data collection  Researchers collect data and identify data related to the characters' personality traits based on Sigmund Freud's theory.

Results and Discussion Psychological Aspects of the Ego of the Main Character Bujang Based on Sigmund Freud's Personality Theory
The ego acts as an intermediary between instinctual desires (id) and moral or social norms (superego).The ego functions to mediate internal conflicts and tries to achieve goals that fulfill the id's desires realistically and in accordance with the values of the superego.Based on the theory presented by Sigmund Freud that there are three types of areas of the mind that influence a person's psychology, namely the id, ego and superego (Rokhana, 2009) In the novel Pulang by Tere Liye, researchers will analyze the character of the main character Bujang by focusing on one aspect, namely Ego.This psychological aspect research only emphasizes the main character, namely Bujang.This character is the central character who is said to have experienced a lot of mental turmoil.On this basis, the psychological aspect is only for single characters.
The main character Bujang in the novel Pulang by Tere Liye experiences quite complex psychological conflicts, both internally and externally.This conflict creates several forms of self-defense mechanisms as a form of self-defense against threats.The self-defense mechanism used by the character Bujang in the novel Pulang by Tere Liye is caused by emotional wounds in his past.These past wounds made Bujang suppress his anxiety into the subconscious.When there is something that can trigger anxiety into the conscious mind, Bujang's character will experience emotional fluctuations, where a person experiences changes from one emotion to another quickly and suddenly.Emotional fluctuations can influence a person's anxiety level as a response to danger signals.
The term self-defense mechanism used by Freud refers to the ego's strategy to reduce anxiety by changing reality consciously or unconsciously.This rejection reaction to reality carried out by an individual is called a self-defense mechanism.When an individual is faced with an unpleasant situation, the mind will directly give commands to help the individual adapt when experiencing an unwanted event.
In general, the novel Tere Liye's return reflects the aspect of Ego or (Das Ich).This ego is related to the reality of trying to fulfill the Id's desires in a socially acceptable way, such as helping to reduce the tension that arises when the Id's desires are not fulfilled immediately.As evidence, the following data can be presented: " Aku menatap wajahmu untuk terakhir kalinya.Sebenarnya aku ingin memelukmu.Namun, aku tidak pernah melakukannya, dan ayahku juga tidak pernah memelukku.Aku hanya mengangguk, lalu maju dan duduk di sebelah tuan muda." The data above shows that expressions can be associated with desires or impulses that may originate from the id, the part of the personality that is driven by instinctual desires and without attention to reality.However, this sentence also includes a refusal to carry out that wish, from the sentence but I never did it, and my father also never hugged me.Here, we can see the intervention of the ego, which tries to accommodate the id's desires by considering reality and social consequences.The ego may inhibit the direct expression of the instinctual desire to hug the father, perhaps because of certain concerns or considerations.The bachelor's character ID said he wanted to hug his father but in response to the ego the bachelor chose to give up his intention, because according to him he was embarrassed to do something he had never done.
From the explanation of this data, we can feel the emotional nuances, the desire to hug, and the sadness contained in their last moments together.First of all, the bachelor's desire to hug his father reflects the desire for emotional closeness and affection.However, this action never materializes, indicating an emotional barrier or distance between the two of them.When the footman simply nods and then sits next to Tauke Muda, this may reflect a silence or inability to express feelings directly.There may be social rules or norms that inhibit more open emotional expression among that generation.Overall, this quote provides an overview of the complexity of the relationship between a bachelor and his father, which was influenced by emotional factors, social norms, and the hierarchical structure of society at that time.
"Aku suka anak muda ini.Kau benar-benar tidak punya rasa takut.Berapa banyak keluarga Tong membayarmu, hah?! Aku akan menggandakannya jika kau mau bergabung denganku.Aku menggelengkan kepala, tidak semua hal di dunia ini bisa dibeli dengan uang." In this quote, it is explained that the bachelor's ego operates by considering things that cannot actually be obtained with money.In the context of the sentence "not everything in this world can be bought with money," we can see elements that may be related to ego function in Sigmund Freud's personality theory.In Freud's theory, the ego acts as a mediator between the id (instinctive desires and impulses) and the superego (internal moral and social norms).The ego tries to fulfill the id's desires realistically and in accordance with the superego's norms.In this sentence, there is an awareness or realization that not everything in life can be accessed or obtained through money.This reflects aspects of reality or understanding of limited resources, which can be interpreted as a function of the ego trying to manage reality and understanding that money cannot buy everything.So, it could be said that the sentence reflects aspects of ego, because it reflects awareness of limitations and realistic assessment on the relationship between money and other values in life.
Overall, this quote shows the complexity of society today by paying attention to the role of values, courage, economic aspects, and integrity.This provides an idea of how these factors may interact with each other and influence social dynamics in the context described.
" Nggak ada yang bilang gitu, Pak."Bertemu calon presiden itu tugas yang diberikan tauke ke saya, dan semua pekerjaan di keluarga ini harus diselesaikan." In the context of this sentence, we might see that "tauke" plays a role similar to the superego, giving certain directions or tasks to the main character Bujang.Bujang then detailed that meeting the presidential candidate was one of the tasks given by the tauke.In this case, the ego (in Freud's understanding) will work to complete the task in accordance with the tauke's wishes, while taking into account existing realities and social norms.Even though Id the Bachelor doesn't want to do it, for the tauke's orders he does it to fulfill Ego's needs.It is very clear that the main character is more concerned with his inner ego through the demands of the Big Tauke character.
The explanation of this data provides an overview of the social dynamics and hierarchical structure in a particular family or society at that time.Even though we don't have a specific context to identify the people.However, it is important to remember that interpretations may vary depending on the broader context.Correlations with today's society may be general and depend on the extent to which these values and social structures are still relevant and valid today." Aku terdiam.Menatap wajah tua Sang Guru Besar yang tengah menunggu jawabanku.Aku ingin menunda pembicaraan ini.Dalam hidupku, kematian seseorang yang dekat denganku selalu membuatku semakin lemah." In the sentence above we can see elements related to ego function in Sigmund Freud's personality theory.The desire to postpone a conversation can be seen as an attempt by the ego to manage reality and social needs.There is an awareness that facing the conversation at this time may not be appropriate to the emotional state or reality at hand.In general, the sentence reflects the ego aspect, because it explores ways to overcome impulsive desires (delaying conversation) by considering reality and emotional aspects.
This quote provides an overview of an individual's emotional state in facing a potentially difficult conversation, especially regarding the death of someone close to them.It is important to note that this depiction may vary depending on the context of the story and the characteristics of the society described in the work.Overall, these quotes provide an insight into the complexity of emotional relationships and challenges individuals may face in dealing with death and interacting with the surrounding social norms.
" Aku melotot, menyuruhnya diam.Basyir mengangkat bahu, masih tertawa."Kalau memang harus begitu, lakukan dengan cepat, supaya mereka tidak menderita." Overall, the sentence reflects how the ego plays a role in managing reality, considering social and moral norms, and showing wisdom and empathy in dealing with situations that may be difficult.The statement "so they don't suffer" reflects social considerations and empathy.The ego not only pays attention to practical realities, but also considers the emotional and human impact of the action and the request to carry out the action quickly reflects the ego's efforts to resolve the situation efficiently.This shows an understanding that delay or slowness in carrying out actions can increase suffering.
The quote provides an overview of social dynamics and individual responses to a situation or task that may be difficult or unpleasant.Some descriptions of society today that can be found in this quote are Disagreement and Discomfort, Response to Challenges or Difficulties, Aspects of Empathy and Concern.Keep in mind that interpretations may vary depending on the broader context of the story or situation being described.Overall, this quote creates a picture of social responses and dynamics in facing difficult tasks or situations today.
"Masih ada 4 lantai lagi, dan situasinya makin rumit.White yang menahan serangan dari bawah, tercekik, tangga darurat berlubang di sana-sini.Kamu baik-baik saja, White?teriakku, sambil terus menembaki tukang pukul yang turun." In the sentence You're fine, White directly, does not explicitly see the concept of ego.This sentence is more focused on questions about the state or well-being of someone called "White".However, if we try to relate it to aspects of Freud's theory of personality, we can see that this question could reflect aspects of social concern or empathy, which involve the ego's function in shaping social interactions, considering the welfare of others, and creating balance in relationships between individuals.
Correlations with society today can be found through several aspects including crisis or emergency situations, technology and communication, coordination and solidarity, reactions to threats and security.Overall, this quote creates a picture of emergency situations and the way society today can respond and overcome the challenges that arise.
"Lakukanlah, bujangan.Sekarang waktumu hanya 45 menit, Frans tersenyum.Terserah padamu.Aku mendengus dalam hati, menerima lembar soal, wajah Frans dan Tauke Besar semakin berubah 45 menit kemudian.Dan aku sudah bisa menebak, akan ada berkas ketiga yang akan diberikan kepadaku." In the data from the sentence above, the attitude of being up to and accepting the question sheet with a silent grunt shows awareness of the situation and the ability to overcome the demands of the environment (ego).Even though initially there is an order to work hard for a limited time, whatever reaction and grunting can reflect a form of adjustment to the surrounding conditions.
From the explanation of the data above, it can be concluded that in the current societal context, this attitude can be interpreted as the ability to respond to demands and pressures from the environment in a calmer and more flexible way.Some people may use self-defense mechanisms, such as aloofness, as a way to cope with everyday stress or pressure.It reflects the way individuals balance task demands (reality) with personal comfort and needs (desires).However, it is important to remember that interpretation depends on the individual's point of view and different societal contexts.Indifference can be interpreted differently by different people depending on the culture, values, and norms prevailing in their society.
It can be concluded from some of the quoted data above that the main character in the novel "Pulang", namely Bujang, is more dominant towards Ego.The emergence of psychological symptoms of Ego in the character Bujang in the short story Pulang is influenced by many factors.Several factors that might influence the emergence of the psychological aspect of Ego in the main character in the novel include: a.

Psychological
The character Bujang had trauma in his childhood, namely when he was born until he was 15 years old he was not allowed to learn writing and religion because of the trauma experienced by his father.Trauma or Important Events, namely the life experiences of the main character in the novel, such as past trauma or significant events, can forms the psychological aspect of the ego.Characters develop ego defenses in response to these experiences.b.Education and Social Experience Educational experiences and social interactions outside the family, such as at school or in society, can shape the perspective and psychosocial attitudes of the main character Bujang.Bujang's life also describes the moral values in the family which influence ego psychology.Even though they are separated by distance, Mrs. Bujang's love, Midah, continues through her constant prayers.Apart from that, Bujang's persistence in keeping his moral promises is also the basis of his character, one of which is avoiding haram foods.

Conclusion
Based on the results of the research and discussion, it can be seen that this article explores the psychological dimensions of ego in the main character in the novel "Pulang" by Tere Liye.Through in-depth character analysis, we can see that the portrayal of ego in the main character not only reflects individual growth, but also plays an important role in the development of the overall storyline.The main character of "Bachelorette" goes through a striking emotional journey, which is reflected in internal conflict and personality changes.The influence of psychological theories, especially Sigmund Freud's concept of ego, enriches our interpretation of this character's journey.The creativity of the writer, Tere Liye, in describing the main character's ego psychology is the main point in presenting a convincing story.
As the main character in the novel, Bujang certainly cannot be separated from the various problems he faces in his life which are factors in the emergence of the psychological aspect of Ego, including for two decades, he navigates a wrong life, faces danger, and tries to change his destiny.As well as problems in the past that traumatized him due to several things.By aligning psychological elements with the context of the novel, we can understand how complex the ego's role is in shaping interpersonal dynamics and impacting the reader.It is important to note that the reader imbues the emotional experience through the character, finding imperfection and growth inspiring.This article highlights how this story not only meets expectations as a work of fiction, but also as a relevant reflection of real life.However, it is important to understand that not all individual desires (id) can be fulfilled by self-awareness (ego), because there is a social dimension that called the superego which considers good and bad values related to possible actions.The researcher hopes that this study can be an example for subsequent literary research using a literary psychology approach, and can correct some weaknesses that other researchers may find.
://doi.org/10.33752/disastri.v6i2.5817__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Ego In The Main Character… | 135 Teuku Muda plays an important role in guiding Bujang, making him more than just a bouncer.Bujang experiences a transformation into a smart and genius individual, showing that education can change a person's fate.c.Personal Growth Bujang was taken by Teuku Muda, a mafia boss who was close to his father.Bujang inherited his skills as a butcher from his father and grandfather.He was involved in the Tong family business in the "black world".Although initially resistant, as he grew older and experienced, Bujang rose to become the leader of the Tong family.Bujang, as Teuku Muda's favorite son, was given the power to lead the Tong family.Changes the main character's personality and identity over time, such as personal growth, maturity, or changes in life values, can influence the psychological aspects of the ego.d.Moral values in the family.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ego In The Main Character… | 137 in